Ukraine: Kyiv Київ Kiev; Perron map, 1880, #116

Description: Perron05_116 Ukraine: Kyiv Київ Kiev; Perron map, 1880, #116 Nice small map titled Kiyev, from wood engraving with fine detail and clear impression. Overall size approx. 19 x 16 cm, image size approx. 11 x 11 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, 19 vol. (1875-94), great work of Elisee Reclus. Cartographer is Charles Perron. Kiev, Ukrainian KYYIV, Russian KIYEV, chief city and capital of Ukraine, and capital of Kiev oblast (province). It is located along the Dnieper River just below its confluence with the Desna and 591 miles (952 km) from its mouth in the Black Sea. Kiev was founded in the 8th century. By the late 9th century its princes had established their suzerainty over several other East Slavic principalities and had founded the important state called Kievan Rus. Throughout the history of Kievan Rus, the city was engaged in ceaseless warfare against the Khazars, Pechenegs, and other nomadic peoples of the steppes. In the late 12th century its power declined in the face of constant nomad attacks and warfare with other Slavic princes, and in 1240 the city was completely destroyed by the Tatars of the Golden Horde under Batu, the grandson of Genghis Khan. Thereafter the town passed to the control of Lithuania, of Poland, and then of the Cossacks. In 1793 it was incorporated into Russia, and in 1917 the Ukrainian S.S.R. was formed, with Kiev becoming its capital in 1934. Large sections of the city's central area were destroyed during World War II, but after the war the city was repopulated and fully restored, regaining its position as a major industrial and cultural centre. Kiev remained the capital of Ukraine when the latter became independent in 1991. Kiev originally occupied the high and steep right (west) bank of the Dnieper, but since World War II rapid growth has extended the city onto the wide, low, flat floodplain on the left bank. The city has moderately cold winters, with snow cover usually from mid-November to the end of March, and warm summers. As the capital of Ukraine, Kiev has major administrative functions, and its ministries employ a considerable number of workers. It is also an important industrial centre, producing a wide range of goods. Engineering industries--including the manufacturing of complex machinery, precision tools, and instruments--are of primary importance. The chemical, consumer-goods, food-processing, lumber-milling, and publishing industries are also significant. The focus of the contemporary city remains its ancient Upper Town, crowning the high bluff above the Dnieper. Its central area, although for the most part of postwar construction, contains most of Kiev's surviving historical and architectural monuments. The 11th-century Cathedral of St. Sophia, one of the most beautiful examples of Russo-Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture, and the striking 18th-century Baroque Church of St. Andrew are both now state museums. Other surviving relics include the ruins of the 11th-century Golden Gate, the 18th-century Zaborovskyy Gate, and the 19th-century five-domed Desyatynna Church, built on the site of a church founded by St. Vladimir in the 10th century. The axis of the centre of the city is the tree-lined Kreshchatyk, the main shopping street. Many of the city's museums and theatres are located within and adjacent to the former Old Town. To the north of the Old Town is the former Jewish and trading quarter, Podil, containing the river port, and to the Old Town's south and along the top of the riverbank is the Percherskyy district. This area contains many administrative buildings. At the southern end of the district is the 11th-century Kyevo-Pecherska Lavra (Monastery of the Caves), where the monk Nestor wrote the earliest surviving Russian chronicle. Beneath the monastery, a system of catacombs stores the mummified bodies of monks and saints, including that of Nestor. Surrounding these central districts and extending to the west bank of the Dnieper are suburbs of factories and residential neighbourhoods. The most important centre for research and education in Ukraine, Kiev is the home of a number of universities, colleges, and research institutions, notably the Kiev T.G. Shevchenko State University (1834) and the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Russian and Ukrainian drama can be seen at the Shevchenko Theatre of Opera and Ballet, the 12,000-seat Palace of Sport, and open-air theatres. The city has several museums. Musical concerts are given regularly at the Tchaikovsky Conservatory. Kiev is served by a good transportation network. Trunk railways and all-weather roads link Kiev to Moscow, Kharkiv and the Donets Basin, southern and western Ukraine, and Poland. Within Kiev itself there is efficient subway, rail, and bus service. The Dnieper River is navigable about nine months of the year, and Kiev's Boryspil airport operates flights to other Ukrainian cities and to cities in Europe, Asia, and North America. Area city, 300 square miles (707 square km). Pop. (1993 est.) 2,646,000.

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End Time: 2024-10-25T17:58:25.000Z

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