History Armenian Dashnaktsutyun ARF Kukunyan Կուկունյան

Description: kilmj Store We Specialized in Rare & Hard To Find Armenian Books. Looking For A Book Related to Armenia or Armenians? - We Can Help You! We can find for you almost any Armenian Book (especially if it was published in Armenia), in the shortest time period. Just give us as much information as you know about the book (Original Title, Author, Publisher, Place & Year of Publication, Language, Pages, Cover, Condition, ISBN…) & your contact information (Name, e-mail…) & our specialists will try to find it for you. As soon as we find it, we will let you know. "The Campaign of Kukunyan's Group" (“Կուկունյանի Խմբի Արշավանքը”) - in Armenian. Rare History Book. Worldwide Shipping About The Book Title: "The Campaign of Kukunyan's Group" ("Կուկունյանի Խմբի Արշավանքը") Language: Armenian (Հայերեն) Place of Publication: Yerevan/ Armenia (Երևան/ Հայաստան) Publisher: "Azat Hayk" (Ազատ Հայք) Year of Publication: 1992 Pages: 64 Sizes: 14.5 x 19.5 cm (5.7 x 7.7 inches) Cover: Soft Cover Condition: Used - Good Condition Description The booklet is devoted to the history of the campaign of famous Dashnaktsutyun party. Kukunyan's Group was the first military group of ARF Dashnaktsutyun. The booklet contains two documents: The first one is by Aramayis Ter-Danielyan "Sargis Kukunyan, life and activity". The second one is a part of memoirs of Mesrop Vardanyan, devoted to the campaign of Kukunyan Group. _________________________________________________________________ Հայ Հեղափոխական Դաշնակցության առաջին մարտական խմբի մասին տպագրված վավերագրերից ներկայացնում ենք երկուսը` Արամայիս Տեր-Դանիելյանի “Սարգիս Կուկունյան, կյանքն ու գործը” և Մեսրոպ Վարդանյանի հուշերից մի հատված` նվիրված Կուկունյանի խմբի արշավանքին: Դրանք չեն կորցրել իրենց արդիական հնչողությունը նաև այսօր և ընթերցվում են հափշտակությամբ: “Կուկունյանի խմբի արշավանքը” “Սուրբ գործ” մատենաշարի առաջին գրքույկն է: ADDITIONAL INFO Armenian Revolutionary Federation /From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia/ The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or ՀՅԴ) (Armenian: in TAO Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն, in RAO Հայ Հեղափոխական Դաշնակցություն — Hay Heghapokhagan Tashnagtsutiun or Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutyun, Դաշնակ — Tashnag or Dashnak) is an Armenian political party founded in Tiflis (Tbilisi in modern day Georgia) in 1890 by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian.[ The party operates in Armenia and in countries where the Armenian diaspora is present, notably in Lebanon and the ethnically Armenian-dominated Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh. The ARF advocates socialism and is a member of the Socialist International. It possesses the largest number of members from the political parties present in the Armenian diaspora, having established affiliates in more than 200 countries.Compared to other Armenian parties which tend to primarily focus on educational or humanitarian projects, the Dashnaktsutiun is the most politically oriented of the organizations and traditionally has been one of the staunchest supporters of Armenian nationalism. The party campaigns for the recognition of the Armenian Genocide and the right to reparations. It also advocates the establishment of Greater Armenia based on the Treaty of Sèvres. The ARF became active within the Ottoman Empire in the early 1890s with the aim of unifying the various small groups in the empire that were advocating for reform and defending Armenian villages from massacres that were widespread in some of the Armenian-populated areas of the empire. ARF members formed fedayee groups that defended Armenian civilians through armed resistance.[β] The Dashnaks also worked for the wider goal of creating a "free, independent and unified" Armenia, although they sometimes set aside this goal in favor of a more realistic approach, such as advocating autonomy. In 1917, the party was instrumental in the creation of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Armenia, which fell to the Soviet communists in 1920. After its leadership was exiled by the communists, the ARF established itself within Armenian diaspora communities, where it helped Armenians preserve their cultural identity. After the fall of the USSR, it returned to Armenia, where it now again has a significant presence as the leading opposition party in Armenia's parliament. Prior to Serzh Sargsyan's election as president of Armenia and for a short time thereafter, the ARF was a member of the governing coalition, even though it nominated its own candidate in the presidential elections. In the late 19th century, Eastern Europe and Russia became the hub of small groups advocating reform in Armenian-populated areas in the Ottoman Empire. In 1890, recognizing the need to unify these groups in order to be more efficient, Christapor Mikaelian, Simon Zavarian and Stepan Zorian created a new political party called the "Federation of Armenian Revolutionaries" (Հայ Յեղափոխականներու Դաշնակցութիւն), which would eventually be called the "Armenian Revolutionary Federation" or "Dashnaktsutiun" in 1890. ARF Founders left to right: Stepan Zorian, Christapor Mikaelian, Simon Zavarian The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party at one point had agreed to join as well, seeing that the ARF's political ideology was socialism. However, the Hunchakians claimed the new party was not Marxist enough and withdrew from the union.The original aim of the ARF was to gain autonomy for the Armenian-populated areas in the Ottoman Empire. The party began to organize itself in the Ottoman Empire in the early 1890s and held its first major meeting in Tiflis, Russian Empire, in 1892. At that meeting, the party adopted a decentralized modus operandi according to which the chapters in different countries were allowed to plan and implement policies in tune with their local political atmosphere. The party set its goal of a society based on the democratic principles of freedom of assembly, freedom of speech, freedom of religion and agrarian reform. The ARF gradually acquired significant strength and sympathy among Russian Armenians. Mainly because of the ARF's stance towards the Ottoman Empire, the party enjoyed the support of the central Russian administration, as tsarist and ARF foreign policy had the same alignment until 1903.On June 12, 1903, the tsarist authorities passed an edict to bring all Armenian Church property under imperial control. This was faced by strong ARF opposition, because the ARF perceived the tsarist edict as a threat to the Armenian national existence. As a result, the ARF leadership decided to defend Armenian churches by dispatching militiamen who acted as guards and by holding mass demonstrations. In 1905–06, the Armenian-Tatar massacres broke out during which the ARF became involved in armed activities. Some sources claim that the Russian government incited the massacres in order to reinforce its authority during the revolutionary turmoil of 1905. The first outbreak of violence occurred in Baku, in February 1905.[13] The ARF held the Russian authorities responsible for inaction and instigation of massacres that were part of a larger anti-Armenian policy. On May 11, 1905, Dashnak revolutionary Drastamat Kanayan assassinated Russian governor general Nakashidze, who was considered by the Armenian population as the main instigator of hate and confrontation between the Armenians and the Tatars. Unable to rely on government forces to protect their interests and properties, the Armenian bourgeoisie turned to the ARF for protection. The Dashnak leaders argued that, given employment discrimination against Armenian workers in non-Armenian concerns, the defence provided to the Armenian bourgeoisie was essential to the safekeeping of employment opportunities for Armenian laborers. The Russian Tsar's envoy in the Caucasus, Vorontsov-Dashkov, reported that the ARF bore a major portion of responsibilities for perpetrating the massacres. The ARF, however, argued that it helped to organize the defence of the Armenian population against Muslim attacks. The blows suffered at the hands of the Dashnakist fighting squads proved a catalyst for the consolidation of the Muslim community of the Caucasus. During that period, the ARF regarded armed activity, including terror, as necessary for the achievement of political goals. In January 1912, 159 ARF members, being lawyers, bankers, merchants and other intellectuals, were tried before the Russian senate for their participation in the party. They were defended by then-lawyer Alexander Kerensky, who challenged much of the evidence used against them as the "original investigators had been encouraged by the local administration to use any available means" to convict the men.Kerensky succeeded in having the evidence reexamined for one of the defendants. He and several other lawyers "made openly contemptuous declarations" about this discrepancy to the Russian press, which was forbidden to attend the trials, and this in turn greatly embarrassed the senators. The Senate eventually opened an inquiry against the chief magistrate who had brought the charges against the Dashnak members and concluded that he was insane. Ninety-four of the accused were acquitted, while the rest were either imprisoned or exiled for varying periods, the most severe being six years. Reminder Check My Other Listings Add My Listings or eBay Store In Your Favorites List Payment We prefer PayPal (kyegyan_10@msn.com). Please respond to our Winning Bidder Notification within 3 days and make sure that we receive your payment within 10 days. If payment isn't received within this time period, the order will be revoked and a Non-Paying Bidder alert will be filed. Then we will request a fee refund, submit a negative feedback and re-list the item. 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End Time: 2024-09-08T06:15:28.000Z

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