Evolution's Wedge: Competition and the Origins of Diversity by David Pfennig (En

Description: FREE SHIPPING UK WIDE Evolution's Wedge by David Pfennig, Karin Pfennig Evolutionary biology has long sought to explain how new traits and new species arise. Darwin maintained that competition is key to understanding this biodiversity and held that selection acting to minimize competition causes competitors to become increasingly different, thereby promoting new traits and new species. Despite Darwins emphasis, competitions role in diversification remains controversial and largely underappreciated. In their synthetic and provocative book, evolutionary ecologists David and Karin Pfennig explore competitions role in generating and maintaining biodiversity. The authors discuss how selection can lessen resource competition or costly reproductive interactions by promoting trait evolution through a process known as character displacement. They further describe character displacements underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms. The authors then consider character displacements myriad downstream effects, ranging from shaping ecological communities to promoting new traits and new species and even fueling large-scale evolutionary trends.Drawing on numerous studies from natural populations, and written for a broad audience, Evolutions Wedge seeks to inspire future research into character displacements many implications for ecology and evolution. FORMAT Hardcover LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New Publisher Description Evolutionary biology has long sought to explain how new traits and new species arise. Darwin maintained that competition is key to understanding this biodiversity and held that selection acting to minimize competition causes competitors to become increasingly different, thereby promoting new traits and new species. Despite Darwins emphasis, competitions role in diversification remains controversial and largely underappreciated.In their synthetic and provocative book, evolutionary ecologists David and Karin Pfennig explore competitions role in generating and maintaining biodiversity. The authors discuss how selection can lessen resource competition or costly reproductive interactions by promoting trait evolution through a process known as character displacement. They further describe character displacements underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms. The authors then consider character displacements myriad downstream effects, ranging from shaping ecological communities to promoting new traits and new species and even fueling large-scale evolutionary trends. Drawing on numerous studies from natural populations, and written for a broad audience, Evolutions Wedge seeks to inspire future research into character displacements many implications for ecology and evolution. Flap "The A to Z of character displacement, an exemplary mixture of explanation and inspiration." -Peter R. Grant, Princeton University, author of How and Why Species Multiply "Though there have been a handful of volumes that cover the importance of competition to biological diversity in the past decade, none has so succinctly reviewed the entire field while also delving into speculative but highly innovative and biologically meaningful digressions regarding the role of competition in areas such as phenotypic plasticity, speciation, and macroevolution. The book will be an excellent addition to every biologists library." -Ryan Calsbeek, Dartmouth College "This book does an excellent job of conveying both the current state of knowledge of character displacement and also the areas where more research is needed. It will be a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the evolutionary processes generating and maintaining biological diversity." Gregory F. Grether, University of California, Los Angeles Author Biography David W. Pfennig is Professor of Biology at the University of North Carolina. Karin S. Pfennig is Associate Professor of Biology at the University of North Carolina. Table of Contents Preface 1. Discovery of a Unifying Principle Introduction A Brief History Detecting Character Displacement Phenomena Mistaken for Character Displacement What Constitutes Character Displacement? Conflation of Process and Pattern Reproductive Character Displacement versus Reinforcement Terminology A Unifying Principle Summary Further Reading Box 1.1: Alternative Manifestations of Character Displacement Box 1.2: Suggestions for Future Research 2. Why Character Displacement Occurs Introduction Why Ecological Character Displacement Occurs RESOURCE COMPETITION COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION SPECIES COEXISTENCE RESOURCE PARTITIONING VIA CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT VS. SPECIES SORTING Why Reproductive Character Displacement Occurs REPRODUCTIVE COMPETITION REPRODUCTIVE EXCLUSION REPRODUCTIVE PARTITIONING VIA CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT VS. SPECIES SORTING Summary Further Reading Box 2.1: Alternative Models of Species Coexistence Box 2.2: Is Competitively Induced Plasticity Character Displacement? Box 2.3: Suggestions for Future Research 3. When Character Displacement Occurs Introduction Facilitators of Character Displacement STANDING VARIATION STRONG SELECTION ECOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITY LACK OF ANTAGONISTIC GENETIC CORRELATIONS GENE FLOW INITIAL DIFFERENCES Variation in the Expression of Character Displacement How Ecological and Reproductive Character Displacement Facilitate Each Other ECOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE AS A FACILITATOR OF REPRODUCTIVE DIVERGENCE REPRODUCTIVE DIVERGENCE AS A FACILITATOR OF ECOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE WHY ONE FORM IS NECESSARY TO FACILITATE THE OTHER How Ecological and Reproductive Character Displacement Can Impede Each Other Summary Further Reading Box 3.1: Suggestions for Future Research 4. How Character Displacement Unfolds Introduction Mechanisms of Divergence GENETICALLY CANALIZED DIVERGENCE ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED DIVERGENCE Tempo and Mode of Character Displacement HOW MECHANISMS DIFFER IN SPEED OF DIVERGENCE THE PLASTICITY-FIRST HYPOTHESIS EMPIRICAL TESTS OF THE PLASTICITY-FIRST HYPOTHESIS Summary Further Reading Box 4.1: Suggestions for Future Research 5. Diversity and Novelty Within Species Introduction How Intraspecific Character Displacement Works Intraspecific Character Displacement: Observational Evidence Intraspecific Character Displacement: Experimental Evidence Evolution of Alternative Phenotypes FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT DISRUPTIVE SELECTION AND THE EVOLUTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHENOTYPES EVOLUTION OF RESOURCE POLYMORPHISM EVOLUTION OF MATING POLYMORPHISM Intraspecific Character Displacement and Species Diversity Character Displacement Within Versus Between Species Summary Further Reading Box 5.1: Suggestions for Future Research 6. Ecological Consequences Introduction Evolution of the Niche Partitioning of Resources and Reproduction: A Reprise Community Organization Character Displacement and Darwinian Extinction Species Distributions and Geographic Mosaics Character Displacement and Species Ranges Summary Further Reading Box 6.1: Individual Variation and the Coexistence of Species Box 6.2: Suggestions for Future Research 7. Sexual Selection Introduction How Sexual Selection Works How Character Displacement Affects Sexual Selection EFFECTS OF PHENOTYPIC SHIFTS EFFECTS OF HABITAT SHIFTS Implications of Character Displacements Effects on Sexual Selection How Sexual Selection Affects Character Displacement A Cautionary Note: Process Versus Pattern Summary Further Reading Box 7.1: Suggestions for Future Research 8. Speciation Introduction What are Species? How are Species Boundaries Maintained? Evolution of Isolating Mechanisms Character Displacements Role in Speciation HOW CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT FINALIZES SPECIATION HOW CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT INITIATES SPECIATION HOW INTRASPECIFIC CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT INITIATES SPECIATION Summary Further Reading Box 8.1: Selection and the Evolution of Reproductive Isolation Box 8.2: Suggestions for Future Research 9. Macroevolution Introduction Competition in the Fossil Record Methods for Studying Macroevolution: Rewinding the Tape of Life Adaptive Radiation SPECIES PROLIFERATION DIVERGENT EVOLUTION Evolutionary Escalation Macroevolution: Red Queen or Court Jester? Summary Further Reading Box 9.1: Suggestions for Future Research 10. Major Themes and Unsolved Problems Introduction Major Themes of the Book CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT IS A PROCESS, NOT A PATTERN CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT CAN PRODUCE DIFFERENT FORMS OF TRAIT EVOLUTION ECOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT INTERACT PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY CAN MEDIATE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT PROMOTES DIVERSIFICATION AT MULTIPLE LEVELS CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT AND SEXUAL SELECTION INTERACT CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT HAS MACROEVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS Some Unsolved Problems Summary Review "Fresh... Well documented and easily accessible... Highly recommended." -- F. T. Kuserk, Moravian College Choice "Enjoyable to read... [Evolutions Wedge is] a valuable resource for any student or established researcher with an interest in Earths biological diversity." -- Alexander Pigot BioScience "A welcome addition to the discussion." -- Richard A. Richards The Quarterly Review of Biology "A significant contribution to this aspect of the current study of evolution, Evolutions Wedge brings to the fore the potential importance of character displacement as a macro-evolutionary process." -- Brian Livingstone Zoological Journal of The Linnean Society Review Quote "Fresh. . . . Well documented and easily accessible. . . . Highly recommended."-- Choice Details ISBN0520274180 Short Title EVOLUTIONS WEDGE Publisher University of California Press Language English ISBN-10 0520274180 ISBN-13 9780520274181 Media Book Format Hardcover DEWEY 577.83 Pages 320 Year 2012 Series Number 12 Imprint University of California Press Subtitle Competition and the Origins of Diversity Place of Publication Berkerley Country of Publication United States UK Release Date 2012-10-25 AU Release Date 2012-10-25 NZ Release Date 2012-10-25 US Release Date 2012-10-25 Author Karin Pfennig Series Organisms and Environments Publication Date 2012-10-25 Illustrations 72 line illustrations, 7 tables Audience Professional & Vocational We've got this At The Nile, if you're looking for it, we've got it. With fast shipping, low prices, friendly service and well over a million items - you're bound to find what you want, at a price you'll love! 30 DAY RETURN POLICY No questions asked, 30 day returns! 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