Convergence: five critical steps toward integrating lagging and leading areas in

Description: FREE SHIPPING UK WIDE Convergence by World Bank, International Finance Corporation Presents the five roots of spatial inequity in institutional inefficiencies across MENA - urban regulatory frictions, credentialist education systems, centralized control over public services, barriers to spatial mobility, and barriers to market entry and lop-sided business environments - within cities, countries, and across borders. FORMAT Paperback LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New Publisher Description Policymakers across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have long tried to integrate their people spatially and economically. Wishing to bring communities together and narrow economic gaps, governments have made large capital investments in transport corridors and "new cities." Hoping to provide jobs in places with little economic activity, governments have designated new industrial zones supported by spatially targeted business incentives. Yet the results of these place-based initiatives in MENA are limited. The disparities between capital cities and lagging areas, and between richer and poorer quarters of cities, remain stark. Across much of the region, a fortunate few are connected to opportunity, while many more people are marginal to the formal economy--or live outside it, seemingly forgotten. Why have place-based spatial initiatives in MENA countries largely underdelivered not yielding more sustainable jobs and growth? While the challenges are many and vary across the region, this report explains that many of these place-based policies get one thing wrong: they attempt to treat inequitys spatial and physical symptoms, not its causes. This report presents the five roots of spatial inequity in institutional inefficiencies across MENA--urban regulatory frictions, credentialist education systems, centralized control over local public services, barriers to the spatial mobility of goods and people, and barriers to market entry and lop-sided business environments - within cities, within countries, and across national borders. It proposes five transitional steps toward enabling convergence informed by economic geography. Author Biography The World Bank came into formal existence in 1945 following the international ratification of the Bretton Woods agreements. It is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. The organizations activities are focused on education, health, agriculture and rural development, environmental protection, establishing and enforcing regulations, infrastructure development, governance and legal institutions development. The World Bank is made up of two unique development institutions owned by its 185 Member Countries. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) focuses on middle income and creditworthy poor countries and the International Development Association (IDA), which focuses on the poorest countries in the world. Long Description This report presents the five roots of spatial inequity in institutional inefficiencies across MENA--urban regulatory frictions, credentialist education systems, centralized control over local public services, barriers to the spatial mobility of goods and people, and barriers to market entry and lop-sided business environments. Details ISBN1464814503 Publisher World Bank Publications ISBN-10 1464814503 ISBN-13 9781464814501 Format Paperback Imprint World Bank Publications Place of Publication Washington Country of Publication United States Year 2020 Short Title Convergence Language English DOI 10.1596/978-1-4648-1450-1 Pages 227 AU Release Date 2020-02-10 NZ Release Date 2020-02-10 Author International Finance Corporation Subtitle five critical steps toward integrating lagging and leading areas in the Middle East and North Africa Illustrations col. figs, col. tables UK Release Date 2020-07-30 Publication Date 2020-07-30 DEWEY 330.9560905 Audience Professional & Vocational US Release Date 2020-07-30 We've got this At The Nile, if you're looking for it, we've got it. With fast shipping, low prices, friendly service and well over a million items - you're bound to find what you want, at a price you'll love! 30 DAY RETURN POLICY No questions asked, 30 day returns! FREE DELIVERY No matter where you are in the UK, delivery is free. SECURE PAYMENT Peace of mind by paying through PayPal and eBay Buyer Protection TheNile_Item_ID:128706161;

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