Constantine II AD337-340 Caeser/Standards. Roman Empire. NGC CH F

Description: NGC certified CH Fine. Constantine II, as Caesar, BI Nummus. Antioch, AD 325-326. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust to left / CONSTANTINVS CAESAR SMANTA in four lines; star above, pellet below. RIC VII 59; LRBC 1325. 2.25g, 18mm, 12. Constantine II(Latin:Flavius Claudius Constantinus; February 316 340) wasRoman emperorfrom 337 to 340. Son ofConstantine the Greatand co-emperor alongside his brothers, his attempt to exert his perceived rights ofprimogenitureled to his death in a failed invasion of Italy in 340 The eldest son of Constantine the Great andFausta, Constantine II was born inArlesin February 316and raised as a Christian. Caesar On 1 March 317, he was madeCaesar.In 323, at the age of seven, he took part in his father's campaign against theSarmatians.At age ten, he became commander ofGaul, following the death of his half-brotherCrispus. An inscription dating to 330 records the title ofAlamannicus, so it is probable that his generals won a victory over theAlamanni.His military career continued when Constantine I made him field commander during the 332 campaign against theGoths. Augustus Following the death of his father in 337, Constantine II initially became emperor jointly with his brothersConstantius IIandConstans,with the empire divided between them and their cousins, thecaesarsDalmatiusandHannibalianus]This arrangement barely survived Constantine I's death, as his sons arranged the slaughter of most of the rest of the family by the army.As a result, the three brothers gathered together inPannoniaand there, on 9 September 337,]divided the Roman world among themselves. Constantine, proclaimedAugustusby the troopsreceived Gaul,BritanniaandHispania. He was soon involved in the struggle between factions rupturing the unity of theChristian Church.The Western portion of the empire, under the influence of thePopesinRome, favouredNicene ChristianityoverArianism, and through their intercession they convinced Constantine to freeAthanasius, allowing him to return toAlexandria.This action aggravated Constantius II, who was a committed supporter of Arianism. Constantine was initially the guardian of his younger brother Constans, whose portion of the empire wasItalia,AfricaandIllyricum. Constantine soon complained that he had not received the amount of territory that was his due as the eldest son.Annoyed that Constans had receivedThraceandMacedoniaafter the death of Dalmatius, Constantine demanded that Constans hand over the African provinces, to which he agreed in order to maintain a fragile peace.Soon, however, they began quarreling over which parts of the African provinces belonged toCarthage, and thus Constantine, and which belonged toItaly, and therefore Constans. Further complications arose when Constans came of age and Constantine, who had grown accustomed to dominating his younger brother, would not relinquish the guardianship. In 340 Constantine marched into Italy at the head of his troopsto claim territory from Constans.Constans, at that time inDacia, detached and sent a select and disciplined body of his Illyrian troops, stating that he would follow them in person with the remainder of his forces.Constantine was engaged in military operationsand was killed by Constans's generals in an ambush outsideAquileia.Constans then took control of his deceased brother's realm

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