Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation by J.C. Das (English) Hardcover Book

Description: FREE SHIPPING UK WIDE Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation by J.C. Das This new edition of the definitive arc flash reference guide, fully updated to align with the IEEEs updated hazard calculations An arc flash, an electrical breakdown of the resistance of air resulting in an electric arc, can cause substantial damage, fire, injury, or loss of life. Professionals involved in the design, operation, or maintenance of electric power systems require thorough and up-to-date knowledge of arc flash safety and prevention methods. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation is the most comprehensive reference guide available on all aspects of arc flash hazard calculations, protective current technologies, and worker safety in electrical environments. Detailed chapters cover protective relaying, unit protection systems, arc-resistant equipment, arc flash analyses in DC systems, and many more critical topics. Now in its second edition, this industry-standard resource contains fully revised material throughout, including a new chapter on calculation procedures conforming to the latest IEEE Guide 1584. Updated methodology and equations are complemented by new practical examples and case studies. Expanded topics include risk assessment, electrode configuration, the impact of system grounding, electrical safety in workplaces, and short-circuit currents. Written by a leading authority with more than three decades experience conducting power system analyses, this invaluable guide: Provides the latest methodologies for flash arc hazard analysis as well practical mitigation techniques, fully aligned with the updated IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard CalculationsExplores an inclusive range of current technologies and strategies for arc flash mitigationCovers calculations of short-circuits, protective relaying, and varied electrical system configurations in industrial power systemsAddresses differential relays, arc flash sensing relays, protective relaying coordination, current transformer operation and saturation, and moreIncludes review questions and references at the end of each chapter Part of the market-leading IEEE Series on Power Engineering, the second edition of Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation remains essential reading for all electrical engineers and consulting engineers. FORMAT Hardcover LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New Back Cover This new edition of the definitive arc flash reference guide, fully updated to align with the IEEEs updated hazard calculations An arc flash, an electrical breakdown of the resistance of air resulting in an electric arc, can cause substantial damage, fire, injury, or loss of life. Professionals involved in the design, operation, or maintenance of electric power systems require thorough and up-to-date knowledge of arc flash safety and prevention methods. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation is the most comprehensive reference guide available on all aspects of arc flash hazard calculations, protective current technologies, and worker safety in electrical environments. Detailed chapters cover protective relaying, unit protection systems, arc-resistant equipment, arc flash analyses in DC systems, and many more critical topics. Now in its second edition, this industry-standard resource contains fully revised material throughout, including a new chapter on calculation procedures conforming to the latest IEEE Guide 1584 . Updated methodology and equations are complemented by new practical examples and case studies. Expanded topics include risk assessment, electrode configuration, the impact of system grounding, electrical safety in workplaces, and short-circuit currents. Written by a leading authority with more than three decades experience conducting power system analyses, this invaluable guide: Provides the latest methodologies for flash arc hazard analysis as well practical mitigation techniques, fully aligned with the updated IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations Explores an inclusive range of current technologies and strategies for arc flash mitigation Covers calculations of short-circuits, protective relaying, and varied electrical system configurations in industrial power systems Addresses differential relays, arc flash sensing relays, protective relaying coordination, current transformer operation and saturation, and more Includes review questions and references at the end of each chapter Part of the market-leading IEEE Series on Power Engineering, the second edition of Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation remains essential reading for all electrical engineers and consulting engineers. Flap This new edition of the definitive arc flash reference guide, fully updated to align with the IEEEs updated hazard calculations An arc flash, an electrical breakdown of the resistance of air resulting in an electric arc, can cause substantial damage, fire, injury, or loss of life. Professionals involved in the design, operation, or maintenance of electric power systems require thorough and up-to-date knowledge of arc flash safety and prevention methods. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation is the most comprehensive reference guide available on all aspects of arc flash hazard calculations, protective current technologies, and worker safety in electrical environments. Detailed chapters cover protective relaying, unit protection systems, arc-resistant equipment, arc flash analyses in DC systems, and many more critical topics. Now in its second edition, this industry-standard resource contains fully revised material throughout, including a new chapter on calculation procedures conforming to the latest IEEE Guide 1584 . Updated methodology and equations are complemented by new practical examples and case studies. Expanded topics include risk assessment, electrode configuration, the impact of system grounding, electrical safety in workplaces, and short-circuit currents. Written by a leading authority with more than three decades experience conducting power system analyses, this invaluable guide: Provides the latest methodologies for flash arc hazard analysis as well practical mitigation techniques, fully aligned with the updated IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations Explores an inclusive range of current technologies and strategies for arc flash mitigation Covers calculations of short-circuits, protective relaying, and varied electrical system configurations in industrial power systems Addresses differential relays, arc flash sensing relays, protective relaying coordination, current transformer operation and saturation, and more Includes review questions and references at the end of each chapter Part of the market-leading IEEE Series on Power Engineering, the second edition of Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation remains essential reading for all electrical engineers and consulting engineers. Author Biography J.C. DAS, PHD, is President and Principal of Power System Studies, Inc. He is the former Head of Power System Analysis at Amec Foster Wheeler, where he served for thirty years. He is specialist in conducting power system studies, including short-circuit, load flow, harmonics, stability, arc-flash hazard, grounding, switching transients, and protective relaying. He is the author 70 technical publications, hundreds of study reports for real-world power systems, and several books, including Power System Harmonics and Passive Filter Designs and Understanding Symmetrical Components for Power System Modeling. Mr. Das is a member of the IEEE Industry Applications and IEEE Power Engineering societies, a Fellow of Institution of Engineering Technology, and recipient of the IEEE Meritorious Award in Engineering. Table of Contents Foreword xix Preface to Second Edition xxi Preface to First Edition xxiii Acknowledgement xxv About the Author xxvii 1 Arc Flash Hazards and Their Analyses 1 1.1 Electrical Arcs 2 1.1.1 Arc as a Heat Source 3 1.1.2 Arcing Phenomena in a Cubicle 3 1.2 Arc Flash Hazard and Personal Safety 4 1.3 Time Motion Studies 5 1.4 Arc Flash Hazards 5 1.5 Arc Blast 6 1.6 Electrical Shock Hazard 9 1.6.1 Resistance of Human Body 11 1.7 Fire Hazard 13 1.8 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis 15 1.8.1 Ralph Lees and NFPA Equations 17 1.8.2 IEEE 1584 Guide Equations 17 1.9 Personal Protective Equipment 21 1.10 Hazard Boundaries 23 1.10.1 Working Distance 24 1.10.2 Arc Flash Labels 24 1.11 Maximum Duration of an Arc Flash Event and Arc Flash Boundary 25 1.11.1 Arc Flash Hazard with Equipment Doors Closed 25 1.12 Reasons for Internal Arcing Faults 27 1.13 Arc Flash Hazard Calculation Steps 28 1.13.1 NFPA Table 130.7(C)(15)(a) 29 1.14 Examples of Calculations 30 1.15 Reducing Arc Flash Hazard 33 1.15.1 Reduction 34 1.15.2 Arc Flash Labels 37 Review Questions 38 References 38 2 Safety and Prevention Through Design: A New Frontier 41 2.1 Electrical Standards and Codes 42 2.2 Prevention through Design 44 2.3 Limitations of Existing Codes, Regulations, and Standards 45 2.4 Electrical Hazards 46 2.5 Changing the Safety Culture 49 2.6 Risk Analysis for Critical Operation Power Systems 49 2.6.1 Existing Systems 50 2.6.2 New Facilities 50 2.7 Reliability Analysis 51 2.7.1 Data for Reliability Evaluations 52 2.7.2 Methods of Evaluation 53 2.7.3 Reliability and Safety 53 2.8 Maintenance and Operation 54 2.8.1 Maintenance Strategies 55 2.8.2 Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) 56 2.9 Safety Integrity Level and Safety Instrumented System 56 2.10 Electrical Safety in the Workplaces 58 2.10.1 Risk Assessment 58 2.10.2 Responsibility 58 2.10.3 Risk Parameters 58 2.11 Risk Reduction 61 2.12 Risk Evaluation 62 2.13 Risk Reduction Verification 63 2.14 Risk Control 63 Review Questions 64 References 64 3 Calculations According To IEEE Guide 1584, 2018 68 3.1 Model for Incident Energy Calculations 68 3.2 Electrode Configuration 69 3.3 Impact of System Grounding 69 3.4 Intermediate Average Arcing Current 70 3.5 Arcing Current Variation Factor 71 3.6 Calculation of Intermediate Incident Energy 73 3.7 Intermediate Arc Flash Boundary (AFB) 75 3.8 Enclosure Size Correction Factor 77 3.8.1 Shallow and Typical Enclosures 77 3.9 Determine Equivalent Height and Width 77 3.10 Determine Enclosure Size Correction Factor 77 3.11 Determination of Iarc, E, and AFB (600 V 17 137 5.5.3 E/Z Method for AC and DC Decrement Adjustments 137 5.6 Network Reduction 140 5.7 Calculation Procedure 140 5.7.1 Analytical Calculation Procedure 141 5.8 Capacitor and Static Converter Contributions to Short-Circuit Currents 143 5.9 Typical Computer-Based Calculation Results 143 5.9.1 First-Cycle or Momentary Duty Calculations 143 5.9.2 Interrupting Duty Calculations 146 5.9.3 Low Voltage Circuit Breaker Duty Calculations 146 5.10 Examples of Calculations 146 5.10.1 Calculation of Short-Circuit Duties 152 5.10.2 K-Rated 15 kV Circuit Breakers 152 5.10.3 4.16-kV Circuit Breakers and Motor Starters 157 5.10.4 Transformer Primary Switches and Fused Switches 157 5.10.5 Low Voltage Circuit Breakers 161 5.11 Thirty-Cycle Short-Circuit Currents 161 5.12 Unsymmetrical Short-Circuit Currents 162 5.12.1 Single Line-to-Ground Fault 163 5.12.2 Double Line-to-Ground Fault 165 5.12.3 Line-to-Line Fault 168 5.13 Computer Methods 171 5.13.1 Line-to-Ground Fault 172 5.13.2 Line-to-Line Fault 173 5.13.3 Double Line-to-Ground Fault 173 5.14 Short-Circuit Currents for Arc Flash Calculations 175 Review Questions 176 References 176 6 Accounting For Decaying Short-Circuit Currents In Arc Flash Calculations 178 6.1 Short Circuit of a Passive Element 178 6.2 Systems with No AC Decay 181 6.3 Reactances of a Synchronous Machine 182 6.3.1 Leakage Reactance 182 6.3.2 Subtransient Reactance 183 6.3.3 Transient Reactance 183 6.3.4 Synchronous Reactance 183 6.3.5 Quadrature-Axis Reactances 183 6.3.6 Negative Sequence Reactance 184 6.3.7 Zero Sequence Reactance 184 6.4 Saturation of Reactances 184 6.5 Time Constants of Synchronous Machines 184 6.5.1 Open-Circuit Time Constant 184 6.5.2 Subtransient Short-Circuit Time Constant 184 6.5.3 Transient Short-Circuit Time Constant 185 6.5.4 Armature Time Constant 185 6.6 Synchronous Machine Behavior on Terminal Short Circuit 185 6.6.1 Equivalent Circuits during Fault 186 6.6.2 Fault Decrement Curve 190 6.7 Short Circuit of Synchronous Motors and Condensers 194 6.8 Short Circuit of Induction Motors 194 6.9 A New Algorithm for Arc Flash Calculations with Decaying Short-Circuit Currents 197 6.9.1 Available Computer-Based Calculations 198 6.9.2 Accumulation of Energy from Multiple Sources 198 6.9.3 Comparative Calculations 200 6.10 Crowbar Methods 203 Review Questions 204 References 205 7 Protective Relaying 206 7.1 Protection and Coordination from Arc Flash Considerations 206 7.2 Classification of Relay Types 210 7.3 Design Criteria of Protective Systems 210 7.3.1 Selectivity 211 7.3.2 Speed 211 7.3.3 Reliability 211 7.3.4 Backup Protection 212 7.4 Overcurrent Protection 212 7.4.1 Overcurrent Relays 213 7.4.2 Multifunction Overcurrent Relays 215 7.4.3 IEC Curves 217 7.5 Low Voltage Circuit Breakers 219 7.5.1 Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCBs) 219 7.5.2 Current-Limiting MCCBs 225 7.5.3 Insulated Case Circuit Breakers (ICCBs) 227 7.5.4 Low Voltage Power Circuit Breakers (LVPCBs) 228 7.5.5 Short-Time Bands of LVPCBs Trip Programmers 230 7.6 Short-Circuit Ratings of Low Voltage Circuit Breakers 231 7.6.1 Single-Pole Interrupting Capability 235 7.6.2 Short-Time Ratings 235 7.7 Series-Connected Ratings 236 7.8 Fuses 237 7.8.1 Current-Limiting Fuses 238 7.8.2 Low Voltage Fuses 240 7.8.3 High Voltage Fuses 240 7.8.4 Electronic Fuses 241 7.8.5 Interrupting Ratings 242 7.9 Application of Fuses for Arc Flash Reduction 243 7.9.1 Low Voltage Motor Starters 243 7.9.2 Medium Voltage Motor Starters 243 7.9.3 Low Voltage Switchgear 244 7.10 Conductor Protection 247 7.10.1 Load Current Carrying Capabilities of Conductors 248 7.10.2 Conductor Terminations 249 7.10.3 Considerations of Voltage Drops 249 7.10.4 Short-Circuit Considerations 249 7.10.5 Overcurrent Protection of Conductors 251 7.11 Motor Protection 252 7.11.1 Coordination with Motor Thermal Damage Curve 253 7.12 Generator 51-V Protection 261 7.12.1 Arc Flash Considerations 262 Review Questions 265 References 265 8 Unit Protection Systems 267 8.1 Overlapping the Zones of Protection 269 8.2 Importance of Differential Systems for Arc Flash Reduction 271 8.3 Bus Differential Schemes 272 8.3.1 Overcurrent Differential Protection 272 8.3.2 Partial Differential Schemes 273 8.3.3 Percent Differential Relays 273 8.4 High Impedance Differential Relays 274 8.4.1 Sensitivity for Internal Faults 277 8.4.2 High Impedance Microprocessor-Based Multifunction Relays 278 8.5 Low Impedance Current Differential Relays 278 8.5.1 CT Saturation 282 8.5.2 Comparison with High Impedance Relays 282 8.6 Electromechanical Transformer Differential Relays 283 8.6.1 Harmonic Restraint 285 8.7 Microprocessor-Based Transformer Differential Relays 286 8.7.1 CT Connections and Phase Angle Compensation 287 8.7.2 Dynamic CT Ratio Corrections 290 8.7.3 Security under Transformer Magnetizing Currents 293 8.8 Pilot Wire Protection 294 8.9 Modern Line Current Differential Protection 296 8.9.1 The Alpha Plane 297 8.9.2 Enhanced Current Differential Characteristics 299 8.10 Examples of Arc Flash Reduction with Differential Relays 300 Review Questions 303 References 303 9 Arc Fault Detection Relays 305 9.1 Principle of Operation 306 9.2 Light Intensity 306 9.3 Light Sensor Types 307 9.4 Other Hardware 312 9.5 Selective Tripping 313 9.6 Supervision with Current Elements 315 9.7 Applications 315 9.7.1 Medium Voltage Systems 315 9.7.2 Low Voltage Circuit Breakers 317 9.7.3 Self-Testing of Sensors 317 9.8 Examples of Calculation 317 9.9 Arc Vault™ Protection for Low Voltage Systems 317 9.9.1 Detection System 321 Review Questions 323 References 323 10 Overcurrent Coordination 325 10.1 Standards and Requirements 326 10.2 Data for the Coordination Study 326 10.3 Computer-Based Coordination 328 10.4 Initial Analysis 328 10.5 Coordinating Time Interval 329 10.5.1 Relay Overtravel 329 10.6 Fundamental Considerations for Coordination 329 10.6.1 Settings on Bends of Time–Current Coordination Curves 331 10.7 Coordination on Instantaneous Basis 331 10.7.1 Selectivity between Two Series-Connected Current-Limiting Fuses 333 10.7.2 Selectivity of a Current-Limiting Fuse Downstream of Noncurrent-Limiting Circuit Breaker 333 10.7.3 Selectivity of Current-Limiting Devices in Series 337 10.8 NEC Requirements of Selectivity 340 10.8.1 Fully Selective Systems 342 10.8.2 Selection of Equipment Ratings and Trip Devices 343 10.9 The Art of Compromise 346 Review Questions 356 References 357 11 Transformer Protection 358 11.1 NEC Requirements 358 11.2 Arc Flash Considerations 360 11.3 System Configurations of Transformer Connections 361 11.3.1 Auto-Transfer of Bus Loads 366 11.4 Through Fault Current Withstand Capability 366 11.4.1 Category I 367 11.4.2 Category II 367 11.4.3 Category III and IV 367 11.4.4 Observation on Faults during Life Expectancy of a Transformer 369 11.4.5 Dry-Type Transformers 370 11.5 Constructing the through Fault Curve Analytically 374 11.5.1 Protection with Respect to Through Fault Curves 374 11.6 Transformer Primary Fuse Protection 375 11.6.1 Variations in the Fuse Characteristics 375 11.6.2 Single Phasing and Ferroresonance 377 11.6.3 Other Considerations of Fuse Protection 377 11.7 Overcurrent Relays for Transformer Primary Protection 377 11.8 Listing Requirements 379 11.9 Effect of Transformer Winding Connections 383 11.10 Requirements of Ground Fault Protection 385 11.11 Through Fault Protection 385 11.11.1 Primary Fuse Protection 385 11.11.2 Primary Relay Protection 387 11.12 Overall Transformer Protection 387 11.13 A Practical Study for Arc Flash Reduction 388 11.13.1 System Configuration 388 11.13.2 Coordination Study and Observations 388 11.13.3 Arc Flash Calculations: High Hazard Risk Category (HRC) Levels 393 11.13.4 Reducing HRC Levels with Main Secondary Circuit Breakers 395 11.13.5 Maintenance Mode Switches on Low Voltage Trip Programmers 395 11.13.6 Addition of Secondary Relay 401 Review Questions 404 References 405 12 Current Transformers 406 12.1 Accuracy Classification of CTs 407 12.1.1 Metering Accuracies 407 12.1.2 Relaying Accuracies 407 12.1.3 Relaying Accuracy Classification X 408 12.1.4 Accuracy Classification T 409 12.2 Constructional Features of CTs 409 12.3 Secondary Terminal Voltage Rating 411 12.3.1 Saturation Voltage 412 12.3.2 Saturation Factor 412 12.4 CT Ratio and Phase Angle Errors 412 12.5 Interrelation of CT Ratio and C Class Accuracy 415 12.6 Polarity of Instrument Transformers 417 12.7 Application Considerations 418 12.7.1 Select CT Ratio 418 12.7.2 Make a Single-Line Diagram of the CT Connections 420 12.7.3 CT Burden 420 12.7.4 Short-Circuit Currents and Asymmetry 420 12.7.5 Calculate Steady-State Performance 420 12.7.6 Calculate Steady-State Errors 421 12.8 Series and Parallel Connections of CTs 425 12.9 Transient Performance of the CTs 425 12.9.1 CT Saturation Calculations 426 12.9.2 Effect of Remanence 427 12.10 Practicality of Application 428 12.11 CTs for Low Resistance-Grounded Medium Voltage Systems 430 12.12 Future Directions 430 Review Questions 433 References 433 13 Arc-Resistant Equipment 435 13.1 Calculations of Arc Flash Hazard in Arc-Resistant Equipment 436 13.1.1 Probability of Arcing Fault 436 13.2 Qualifications in IEEE Guide 437 13.3 Accessibility Types 438 13.3.1 Type 1 438 13.3.2 Type 2 438 13.3.3 Suffix B 438 13.3.4 Suffix C 438 13.3.5 Suffix D 439 13.4 IEC Accessibility Types 439 13.5 Arc-Resistant Ratings 440 13.5.1 Duration Ratings 440 13.5.2 Device-Limited Ratings 441 13.5.3 Effect of Cable Connections 444 13.6 Testing According to IEEE Guide 444 13.6.1 Criterion 1 444 13.6.2 Criterion 2 445 13.6.3 Criterion 3 445 13.6.4 Criterion 4 445 13.6.5 Criterion 5 445 13.6.6 Maintenance 446 13.7 Pressure Relief 446 13.8 Venting and Plenums 448 13.8.1 Venting into Surrounding Area 448 13.8.2 Plenums 450 13.9 Cable Entries 450 Review Questions 452 References 452 14 Recent Trends and Innovations 454 14.1 Statistical Data of Arc Flash Hazards 454 14.2 Zone-Selective Interlocking 456 14.2.1 Low Voltage ZSI Systems 456 14.2.2 Zone Interlocking in Medium Voltage Systems 463 14.3 Microprocessor-Based Low Voltage Switchgear 466 14.3.1 Microprocessor-Based Switchgear Concept 466 14.3.2 Accounting for Motor Contributions 467 14.3.3 Faults on the Source Side 469 14.3.4 Arc Flash Hazard Reduction 470 14.4 Low Voltage Motor Control Centers 470 14.4.1 Desirable MCC Design Features 471 14.4.2 Recent Design Improvements 471 14.4.3 Higher Short-Circuit Withstand MCCs 478 14.5 Maintenance Mode Switch 478 14.6 Infrared Windows and Sight Glasses 480 14.7 Fault Current Limiters 483 14.8 Partial Discharge Measurements 487 14.8.1 Online versus Offline Measurements 488 14.8.2 Test Methods 489 14.8.3 Current Signature Analysis: Rotating Machines 491 14.8.4 Dissipation Factor Tip-Up 491 Review Questions 493 References 494 15 Arc Flash Hazard Calculations In Dc Systems 496 15.1 Calculations of the Short-Circuit Currents in DC Systems 497 15.2 Sources of DC Short-Circuit Currents 497 15.3 IEC Calculation Procedures 498 15.4 Short Circuit of a Lead Acid Battery 501 15.5 Short Circuit of DC Motors and Generators 505 15.6 Short-Circuit Current of a Rectifier 510 15.7 Short Circuit of a Charged Capacitor 515 15.8 Total Short-Circuit Current 516 15.9 DC Circuit Breakers and Fuses 517 15.9.1 DC Circuit Breakers 517 15.9.2 DC Rated Fuses 520 15.10 Arcing in DC Systems 520 15.11 Equations for Calculation of Incident Energy in DC Systems 525 15.12 Protection of the Semiconductor Devices 527 15.12.1 Controlled Converters 529 Review Questions 530 References 531 16 Application of Ethernet and IEC 61850 Communications 533 16.1 IEC 61850 Protocol 534 16.2 Modern IEDs 535 16.3 Substation Architecture 536 16.4 IEC 61850 Communication Structure 537 16.5 Logical Nodes 539 16.6 Ethernet Connection 539 16.7 Networking Media 543 16.7.1 Copper Twisted Shielded and Unshielded 543 16.7.2 Fiber Optic Cable 544 16.8 Network Topologies 545 16.8.1 Prioritizing GOOSE Messages 547 16.8.2 Technoeconomical Justifications 547 16.9 Application to Arc Flash Relaying and Communications 549 Review Questions 549 References 549 Appendix A Statistics and Probability Applied to Electrical Engineering 551 A.1 Mean Mode and Median 551 A.2 Mean and Standard Deviation 552 A.3 Skewness and Kurtosis 553 A.4 Normal or Gaussian Distribution 554 A.5 Curve Fitting: Least Square Line 556 References 559 Appendix B Tables for Quick Estimation of Incident Energy and PPE in Electrical Systems 560 Index 588 Details ISBN1119709741 ISBN-10 1119709741 ISBN-13 9781119709749 Format Hardcover Language English Edition 2nd Year 2021 DEWEY 621.310289 Pages 640 Publication Date 2021-02-09 UK Release Date 2021-02-09 Place of Publication Hoboken Country of Publication United States AU Release Date 2020-12-30 NZ Release Date 2020-12-30 Author J.C. Das Publisher John Wiley & Sons Inc Edition Description 2nd edition Series IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems Imprint Wiley-IEEE Press Replaces 9781118163818 Audience Professional & Vocational US Release Date 2021-02-09 We've got this At The Nile, if you're looking for it, we've got it. With fast shipping, low prices, friendly service and well over a million items - you're bound to find what you want, at a price you'll love! 30 DAY RETURN POLICY No questions asked, 30 day returns! FREE DELIVERY No matter where you are in the UK, delivery is free. SECURE PAYMENT Peace of mind by paying through PayPal and eBay Buyer Protection TheNile_Item_ID:136213973;

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