† 19TH POPE & MARTYR DOMINIC THOMAS MULTIRELIQUARY 9 RELICS WAXSEALED VATICAN †

Description: † POPES PIUS V & FELIX I BRONZE MULTI RELIQUARY 9 RELICs † WAX SEALED from VATICAN / ITALY - 19TH century. POPE PIUS V. POPE FELIX I Martyr. ST DOMINIC Founder. ST THOMAS AQUINAS Doctor. ST ROCH Confessor. ST BONAVENTURE Bishop & Doctor. ST BERNADINO of SIENA Confesor. ST CATHERINE of ALEXANDRIA Virgin & Martyr. ST ROSE of VITERBO Virgin & Recluse. DIMENSIONS:53 X 49 X 8 mm.19.7 grs. Pope Pius VFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchPope Saint Pius VBishop of RomePapacy began7 January 1566Papacy ended1 May 1572PredecessorPius IVSuccessorGregory XIII Pope Pius V (17 January 1504 – 1 May 1572), born Antonio Ghislieri (from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri, O.P.), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1566 to his death in 1572. He is venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church.[2] He is chiefly notable for his role in the Council of Trent, the Counter-Reformation, and the standardization of the Roman Rite within the Latin Church. Pius V declared Thomas Aquinas a Doctor of the Church.[3][4]As a cardinal, Ghislieri gained a reputation for putting orthodoxy before personalities, prosecuting eight French bishops for heresy. He also stood firm against nepotism, rebuking his predecessor Pope Pius IV to his face when he wanted to make a 13-year-old member of his family a cardinal and subsidize a nephew from the papal treasury.[5]By means of the papal bull of 1570, Regnans in Excelsis, Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth I of England for heresy and persecution of English Catholics during her reign. He also arranged the formation of the Holy League, an alliance of Catholic states to combat the advancement of the Ottoman Empire in Eastern Europe. Although outnumbered, the Holy League famously defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Pius V attributed the victory to the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary and instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory.[6] Biographers report that as the Battle of Lepanto ended, Pius rose and went over to a window, where he stood gazing toward the East. "...[L]ooking at the sky, he cried out, 'A truce to business; our great task at present is to thank God for the victory which He has just given the Christian army'."[5] Pope Felix IFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchThis article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (June 2016)Pope Saint Felix ISupreme Pontiff of the Universal ChurchPope Felix I fresco in Sistine ChapelPapacy began5 January 269Papacy ended30 December 274PredecessorDionysiusSuccessorEutychianPersonal detailsBirth nameFelixBornRome, Roman EmpireDied30 December 274 Rome, Roman EmpireSainthoodFeast day30 December 30 May (1960 Calendar) 6 Hathor (Coptic Christianity)[1]Other popes named FelixPope Felix I (died 30 December 274) was the Bishop of Rome or Pope from 5 January 269 to his death in 274.Contents1Life and works2Death and veneration3See also4References5External linksLife and works[edit]A Roman by birth,[2] Felix was chosen as Pope on 5 January 269,[2] in succession to Pope Dionysius, who had died on 26 December 268.[2]Felix was the author of an important dogmatic letter on the unity of Christ's Person. He received the emperor Aurelian's aid in settling a theological dispute between the anti-Trinitarian Paul of Samosata, who had been deprived of the bishopric Antioch by a council of bishops for heresy and the orthodox Domnus, Paul's successor.[3] Paul refused to give way, and in 272 the emperor Aurelian was asked to decide between the rivals. He ordered the church building to be given to the bishop who was "recognized by the bishops of Italy and of the city of Rome" (Felix). See Eusebius, Hist. Ecc. vii. 30.[4]The text of that letter was later interpolated by a follower of Apollinaris in the interests of his sect.[5]The notice about Felix in the Liber Pontificalis ascribes to him a decree that Masses should be celebrated on the tombs of martyrs ("Hic constituit supra memorias martyrum missas celebrare"). The author of this entry was evidently alluding to the custom of celebrating Mass privately at the altars near or over the tombs of the martyrs in the crypts of the catacombs (missa ad corpus), while the solemn celebration always took place in the basilicas built over the catacombs. This practice, still in force at the end of the fourth century, dates apparently from the period when the great cemeterial basilicas were built in Rome, and owes its origin to the solemn commemoration services of martyrs, held at their tombs on the anniversary of their burial, as early as the third century. Felix probably issued no such decree, but the compiler of the Liber Pontificalis attributed it to him because he made no departure from the custom in force in his time.[5]Death and veneration[edit]The acts of the Council of Ephesus give Pope Felix as a martyr; but this detail, which occurs again in the biography of the pope in the Liber Pontificalis, is unsupported by any authentic earlier evidence and is manifestly due to a confusion of names. According to the notice in the Liber Pontificalis, Felix erected a basilica on the Via Aurelia; the same source also adds that he was buried there.[6] The latter detail is evidently an error, for the fourth-century Roman calendar of feasts says that Pope Felix was interred in the Catacomb of Callixtus on the Via Appia.[7] The statement of the Liber Pontificalis concerning the pope's martyrdom results obviously from a confusion with a Roman martyr of the same name buried on the Via Aurelia, and over whose grave a church was built. In the Roman "Feriale" or calendar of feasts, referred to above, the name of Felix occurs in the list of Roman bishops (Depositio episcoporum), and not in that of the martyrs.[5]According to the above-mentioned detail of the Depositio episcoporum, Felix was interred in the catacomb of Callixtus on 30 December,[5] "III Kal. Jan." (third day to the calends of January) in the Roman dating system. Saint Felix I is mentioned as Pope and Martyr, with a simple feast, on 30 May. This date, given in the Liber Pontificalis as that of his death (III Kal. Jun.), is probably an error which could easily occur through a transcriber writing "Jun." for "Jan."[5] This error persisted in the General Roman Calendar until 1969 (see General Roman Calendar of 1960), by which time the mention of Saint Felix I was reduced to a commemoration in the weekday Mass by decision of Pope Pius XII (see General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII). Thereafter, the feast of Saint Felix I, no longer mentioned in the General Roman Calendar, is celebrated on his true day of death, 30 December, and without the qualification of "martyr".[8]According to more recent studies, the oldest liturgical books indicate that the saint honoured on 30 May was a little-known martyr buried on the Via Aurelia, who was mistakenly identified with Pope Felix I,[9] an error similar to but less curious than the identification in the liturgical books, until the mid-1950s, of the martyr saint celebrated on 30 July with the antipope Felix II Saint DominicFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchFor the village in Cornwall, see St Dominic, Cornwall. For places named after Saint Dominic, or other saints named Dominic, see St Dominic (disambiguation).Saint DominicDominic, portrayed in the Perugia Altarpiece by Fra AngelicoFounder of the Dominican OrderBorn8 August 1170 Caleruega, Kingdom of Castile (present-day Castile-Leon, Spain)Died6 August 1221 (aged 50) Bologna (present-day Emilia-Romagna, Italy)Venerated inCatholic Church Anglican Communion Lutheranism Order of PreachersCanonized13 July 1234, Spoleto by Pope Gregory IXMajor shrineSan Domenico, BolognaFeast8 August (4 August in the pre-1970 General Roman Calendar)[1]AttributesChaplet, dog, star, lilies, Dominican Habit, book and staff, tonsure[2]PatronageAstronomers; astronomy; Dominican Republic; Santo Domingo Pueblo, Valletta, Birgu (Malta), Campana, Calabria, ManaguaSaint Dominic (Spanish: Santo Domingo), also known as Dominic of Osma and Dominic of Caleruega, often called Dominic de Guzmán and Domingo Félix de Guzmán (/ɡʊzˈmɑːn/; Spanish: [ɣuθˈman]; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), was a Castilian priest and founder of the Dominican Order. Dominic is the patron saint of astronomers.Contents1Life1.1Birth and early life1.2Education and early career1.3Foundation of the Dominicans1.4Later life2Inquisition3Rosary4See also5References6Bibliography7External linksLife[edit]Birth and early life[edit]Dominic was born in Caleruega,[3] halfway between Osma and Aranda de Duero in Old Castile, Spain. He was named after Saint Dominic of Silos. The Benedictine abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos lies a few miles north of Caleruega.In the earliest narrative source, by Jordan of Saxony, Dominic's parents are not named. The story is told that before his birth his barren mother made a pilgrimage to the Abbey at Silos, and dreamt that a dog leapt from her womb carrying a flaming torch in its mouth, and "seemed to set the earth on fire." This story is likely to have emerged when his order became known, after his name, as the Dominican order, Dominicanus in Latin and a play on words interpreted as Domini canis: "Dog of the Lord."[4] Jordan adds that Dominic was brought up by his parents and a maternal uncle who was an archbishop.[5] The failure to name his parents is not unusual, since Jordan wrote a history of the Order's early years, rather than a biography of Dominic. A later source, still of the 13th century, gives their names as Juana and Felix.[6] Nearly a century after Dominic's birth, a local author asserted that Dominic's father was "vir venerabilis et dives in populo suo" ("an honoured and wealthy man in his village").[7] The travel narrative of Pero Tafur, written circa 1439 (about a pilgrimage to Dominic's tomb in Italy), states that Dominic's father belonged to the family de Guzmán, and that his mother belonged to the Aça or Aza family.[8] Dominic's mother, Jane of Aza, was beatified by Pope Leo XII in 1828.Education and early career[edit]A picture of St Dominic accompanied by Simon de Montfort raising the crucifix against the Cathars by Daniel van den DyckDominic was educated in the schools of Palencia (they became a university soon afterwards) where he devoted six years to the arts and four to theology. In 1191, when Spain was desolated by famine,[9] young Dominic gave away his money and sold his clothes, furniture and even precious manuscripts to feed the hungry. Dominic reportedly told his astonished fellow students, "Would you have me study off these dead skins, when men are dying of hunger?"[10] In 1194, around age twenty-five, Dominic joined the Canons Regular in the canonry in the Cathedral of Osma, following the rule of Saint Augustine.In 1203 or 1204 he accompanied Diego de Acebo, the Bishop of Osma, on a diplomatic mission for Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, to secure a bride in Denmark for crown prince Ferdinand.[11] The envoys traveled to Denmark via Aragon and the south of France. The marriage negotiations ended successfully, but the princess died before leaving for Castile.[3]Around 1205, Dominic, along with Diego de Acebo, began a program in the south of France, to convert the Cathars, a Christian religious sect with gnostic and dualistic beliefs, which the Roman Catholic Church deemed heretical. As part of this, Catholic-Cathar public debates were held at Verfeil, Servian, Pamiers, Montréal and elsewhere. Dominic concluded that only preachers who displayed real sanctity, humility and asceticism could win over convinced Cathar believers. However, even Dominic managed only a few converts among the Cathars. Thomas AquinasFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to search"Aquinas" redirects here. For the ship that sank in 2013, see MV St. Thomas Aquinas. For other uses, see Aquinas (disambiguation).Saint Thomas Aquinas OPAn altarpiece in Ascoli Piceno, Italy, by Carlo Crivelli (15th century)Doctor of the ChurchBornJanuary 28, 1225 Roccasecca, Kingdom of Sicily (now Lazio, Italy)Died7 March 1274 (aged 48–49) Fossanova, Papal States (now Lazio, Italy)Venerated inCatholic Church Anglican Communion[1] Lutheranism[2]Canonized18 July 1323, Avignon, Papal States by Pope John XXIIMajor shrineChurch of the Jacobins, Toulouse, FranceFeast28 January (7 March, until 1969)AttributesThe Summa theologiae, a model church, the sun on the chest of a Dominican friarPatronageAcademics; against storms; against lightning; apologists; Aquino, Italy; Belcastro, Italy; book sellers; Catholic academies, schools, and universities; chastity; Falena, Italy; learning; pencil makers; philosophers; publishers; scholars; students; University of Santo Tomas; Sto. Tomas, Batangas; Mangaldan, Pangasinan; theologians[3]Thomas AquinasDetail from Valle Romita Polyptych by Gentile da Fabriano (c. 1400)BornTommaso d'AquinoEducationAbbey of Monte Cassino University of Naples University of ParisNotable workSumma TheologiaeSumma contra GentilesEraMedieval philosophyRegionWestern philosophySchoolScholasticism Thomism Aristotelianism Theological intellectualism Philosophical realism Moderate realism Direct realism Virtue ethics Natural law Correspondence theory of truth[4]Main interestsMetaphysicsLogicTheologyMindEpistemologyEthicsPoliticsAristotelian theologyNotable ideasFive proofs of God's existenceanalogia entisThomistic hylomorphismDivine simplicityPeripatetic axiomPrinciple of double effectHomo unius libriTheological intellectualismQuiddityJust priceDeterminatioActus purusActus EssendiThomistic sacramental theologyInfluences[show]Influenced[show]Part of a series onCatholic philosophyAquinas, Scotus, and OckhamEthicsDivine commandJust priceJust warProbabilismNatural lawPersonalismSocial teachingVirtue ethicsSchoolsAugustinianismCartesianismMolinismOccamismSalamancaScholasticism Neo-scholasticismScotismThomismPhilosophersAncient[show]Postclassical[show]Modern[show]Contemporary[show] Catholicism portal Philosophy portalvtePart of a series onChristianityJesusChrist[show]BibleFoundations[show]Theology[show]HistoryTradition[show]DenominationsGroups[show]Related topics[show] Christianity portalvteThomas Aquinas (/əˈkwaɪnəs/; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian[10][11] Dominican friar, philosopher, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church. An immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, he is also known within the latter as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor Communis.[12] The name Aquinas identifies his ancestral origins in the county of Aquino in present-day Lazio, Italy. He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology and the father of Thomism; of which he argued that reason is found in God. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy developed or opposed his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law, metaphysics, and political theory.Unlike many currents in the Church of the time,[13] Thomas embraced several ideas put forward by Aristotle—whom he called "the Philosopher"—and attempted to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy with the principles of Christianity.[14]His best-known works are the Disputed Questions on Truth (1256–1259), the Summa contra Gentiles (1259–1265), and the unfinished but massively influential Summa Theologica aka Summa Theologiae (1265–1274). His commentaries on Scripture and on Aristotle also form an important part of his body of work. Furthermore, Thomas is distinguished for his eucharistic hymns, which form a part of the Church's liturgy.[15] The Catholic Church honors Thomas Aquinas as a saint and regards him as the model teacher for those studying for the priesthood, and indeed the highest expression of both natural reason and speculative theology. In modern times, under papal directives, the study of his works was long used as a core of the required program of study for those seeking ordination as priests or deacons, as well as for those in religious formation and for other students of the sacred disciplines (philosophy, Catholic theology, church history, liturgy, and canon law).[16]Thomas Aquinas is considered one of the Catholic Church's greatest theologians and philosophers. Pope Benedict XV declared: "This (Dominican) Order ... acquired new luster when the Church declared the teaching of Thomas to be her own and that Doctor, honored with the special praises of the Pontiffs, the master and patron of Catholic schools."[17] The English philosopher Anthony Kenny considers Thomas to be "one of the dozen greatest philosophers of the western world".[18] Livraison et Expédition (Shipping & Handling)Les pièces seront soigneusement emballées individuellement et protégées avec du film bulle et carton renforcé,Pour les pays autres que la France, envoi en recommandé avec assurance Ad Valorem à hauteur de la valeur de l'objet.All items will be securely packed, individually wrapped with acid-free silk paper, foam, bubble wrap and reinforced cardboard.Shipped from FRANCE with proof of delivery and insured for their value.Any overseas custom taxes and duties are all borne by the buyerNo custom taxes for European CommunityWE SHIP WORLDWIDENotes importantes (Important points)MERCI DE POSEZ TOUTES VOS QUESTION AVANT D’ENCHERIR OU D’ACHETER. 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