Description: 1884 Reclus print BOSPHORUS AT ARNAVUTKÖY, ISTANBUL, TURKEY (#38) Nice print titled Le Bosphore. - vue prise devant Arnaout Koi, vers la cote d'Asie, from wood engraving with fine detail and clear impression, nice hand coloring, approx. image size is 13 x 19 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes / The Earth and Its Inhabitants, great work of Elisee Reclus. Click here or image for larger version Bosporus, also spelled BOSPHORUS, Turkish ISTANBUL BOGAZI, KARADENIZ BOGAZI, or BOGAZIÇI, strait (bogaz, "throat") uniting the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara and separating parts of Asian Turkey from European Turkey. The Bosporus is 19 miles (30 km) long, with a maximum width of 2.3 miles (3.7 km) at the northern entrance and a minimum width of 2,450 feet (750 m) between the Ottoman fortifications of Rumelihisari and Anadoluhisari. Its depth varies from 120 to 408 feet (36.5 to 124 m) in midstream. In its centre a rapid current flows from the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, but a countercurrent below the surface carries saline water from the Sea of Marmara to the Black Sea. The Bosporus is heavily fished, since the channel is a seasonal migration route for fish to and from the Black Sea. Both shores are well wooded and are dotted with villages, resorts, and fine residences and villas. Bosporus literally means "ox ford" and is traditionally connected with the legendary figure Io, who in the form of a heifer crossed the Thracian Bosporus in her wanderings. Because of its strategic importance for the defense of Constantinople (now Istanbul), straddling the southern end of the strait, the Byzantine emperors and later the Ottoman sultans constructed fortifications along its shores, especially on the European side. Two noteworthy examples are the castles of Anadoluhisari, constructed on the Asian shore by Bayezid I in 1390-91, and Rumelihisari, built directly across the strait by Mehmed II in 1453. With the growing influence of the European powers in the 19th century, rules were codified (in treaties of 1841 and 1871) governing the transit of commercial and naval vessels through the strait. An international commission assumed control of the strait after the Ottoman defeat in World War I; Turkey resumed control in 1936. A bridge spanning the Bosporus was completed in 1973. Please e-mail me if you have any questions. I prefer payment by PayPal, but I'll also accept any other payment method and currency (except direct payment by credit card) that is convenient for buyer. I combine shipping of multiple items. IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT SHIPPING: Shipping cost quoted with auction is for airmail to the US. Please don't pay before you receive invoice from me.
Price: 19.96 USD
Location: Zagreb, Croatia
End Time: 2024-12-01T14:06:21.000Z
Shipping Cost: 8.5 USD
Product Images
Item Specifics
Return shipping will be paid by: Buyer
All returns accepted: Returns Accepted
Item must be returned within: 30 Days
Refund will be given as: Money Back
Original/Reproduction: Original Print
Listed By: Dealer or Reseller
Print Type: Engraving
Subject: Architecture & Cityscape
Style: Realism
Date of Creation: 1800-1899
Size Type/ Largest Dimension: Small (Up to 14'')
Type: Print
